In brief
Qusayy ibn Kilab, who lived around 400 CE, is the man who brought Makkah under the rule of the Quraysh, the tribe of the Prophet ﷺ. Before him, the city and the Ka'bah had been held by the tribe of Jurhum, until another tribe, Khuza'a, overthrew them and drove everyone out, including the ancestors of the Quraysh. As they fell, Jurhum buried the well of Zamzam, and it stayed lost for generations. Qusayy married into the family of the chieftain of Khuza'a and won the tribe's favour. He then united his scattered kinsmen, defeated Khuza'a in war and took Makkah for the Quraysh. As ruler, he took charge of the Ka'bah and organised its care into separate duties, which were later shared among the clans of Quraysh. He founded Dar al-Nadwa, the council house of the Quraysh elders, and began the custom of free food and water for pilgrims. His work started the rise of the Quraysh. When he died, he became the first person buried at Hujun, still a famous graveyard of Makkah.
Qusayy began the rise of the Quraysh. He won back Makkah and the Ka'bah for the descendants of Fihr, and he founded the institutions his descendants would build on, such as Dar al-Nadwa, the duties of caring for the Ka'bah, and hospitality for pilgrims. His son Abd Manaf, his grandson Hashim and his great-grandson Abdul Muttalib each built on this in turn. Hashim brought the tribe wealth, and Abdul Muttalib rediscovered Zamzam and gained its prestige. Five generations after Qusayy, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was born.
Other events recorded around the same time. Their order within the year is not established; use the storyline above for the sequence.
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